y the collapse of the world economy； but the potential collapse of democratic government。 Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933。 Democracy seemed to be losing ground； and with democracy； the system of liberty。 So Keynes had to produce an answer to the Great Depression； or democracy would be swamped by totalitarianism。 ROBERT SKIDELSKY：這部著作的寫作背景不僅是世界經濟的崩潰，還有潛在的民主政府垮臺的危機。1933年希特勒成為德國總理。民主似乎正在退卻；與民主一樣的還有自由體制。因此凱恩斯必須為大蕭條找到一個答案，否則民主就會被極權主義吞沒。
Chapter 5： Global Depression ＇5：26＇
第五章：全球性的蕭條
Onscreen title： Washington； ； 1933
字幕標題：華盛頓，哥倫比亞特區，1933年
NARRATOR： The new American president； Franklin Delano Roosevelt； was staring economic disaster in the face。 His wife； Eleanor； described Inauguration Day as "；very solemn； and a little terrifying。"；
旁白：新的美國總統－Franklin Delano Roosevelt－面對這場經濟災難表現出色。他的夫人－Eleanor－形容就職典禮日“非常莊嚴，有點令人生畏”。
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT； ： This great nation will endure as it has endured； will revive and will prosper。 I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis： broad executive power。
羅斯福，美國總統：我們偉大的國家將象過去一樣頑強堅持下去，將會實現復興和繁榮。我將要求國會給予我廣泛的行政權利，這是剩下來的能夠對付危機的手段。
NARRATOR： Roosevelt's voice of confidence rallied the nation。
旁白：羅斯福自信的聲音令整個國家為之振奮。
He then embarked on a whirlwind program of reform。
然後他著手開始進行旋風式的改革計劃。
DANIEL YERGIN： For Roosevelt and the New Deal； it was a war。 They were at war with the Great Depression； and they responded with frenetic activity； relief programs for the unemployed； for the hungry； programs to get people back to work。 They built dams and highways and national parks。 At the same time they instituted a program of regulating capitalism in a way that had never been done before； in order to protect people from wh